9-β-D-Arabinofuranosyladenine 5’-triphosphate (ara-ATP) is an active form of 9-β-D-arabinofuranosyladenine (Vidarabine) - a synthetic sugar-modified analog of natural adenosine - with in vitro and in vivo inhibitory activity against herpes simplex virus types 1 (HSV-1), 2 (HSV-2) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV).
When used with viral DNA polymerase, ara-ATP competes with dATP for incorporation into DNA leading to a termination of DNA synthesis.
Ara-ATP is an inhibitor of human ribonucleotide reductase which is one of the key enzymes responsible for the synthesis of 2’-deoxyribonucleotides required for DNA synthesis. Ara-ATP also inhibits RNA polyadenylation which is essential for HIV-1 and other retroviruses. It is an inhibitor for S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase thus preventing trans-methylation reaction.
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